Tinnitus & TMJ

There are connections between temporomandibular joint (TMJ) issues and tinnitus. Research findings indicate that individuals with TMJ problems are more prone to experiencing tinnitus. Additionally, those who have encountered neck injuries may also exhibit tinnitus symptoms.

In some cases, individuals with either TMJ or neck issues can influence the intensity of their tinnitus by manipulating their mouth, jaw, face, or neck movements. This phenomenon is termed somatosensory tinnitus.
Addressing the underlying problem through successful treatment can lead to improvements in tinnitus symptoms.

What is TMJ?

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is intricate, allowing for a range of movements essential for chewing, including side-to-side and front-to-back motions. The muscles governing jaw movement are among the body’s strongest, exerting significant force through the TMJ. Consequently, like other weight-bearing joints, the TMJ is susceptible to damage.

TMJ issues may arise from various factors. Trauma, such as muscle strains or dislocation of the fibrous disc within the hinge joint, can contribute to problems. Additionally, longer-term issues like arthritis affecting the joint may occur. Some individuals may notice teeth grinding, especially during periods of stress or at night, which can further strain the TMJ.

Learn more

TMJ problems and their symptoms

Typical symptoms of TMJ (temporomandibular joint) problems include:

1. Jaw pain or tenderness, often radiating to the ear area
2. Clicking, popping, or grating sounds when moving the jaw
3. Difficulty or discomfort when chewing or biting
4. Jaw stiffness or limited range of motion
5. Locking of the jaw joint, making it difficult to open or close the mouth fully
6. Headaches, especially around the temples or in the jaw area
7. Earaches or ringing in the ears (tinnitus)
8. Facial pain or fatigue
9. Swelling on the side of the face
10. Changes in the way the upper and lower teeth fit together (malocclusion)

These symptoms can vary in severity and may come and go over time. If you’re experiencing any of these symptoms, it’s important to consult with a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment.

The relation between tinnitus and TMJ problems

There exist three primary theories regarding the potential correlation between TMJ issues and tinnitus exacerbation.
Initially, proximity between the chewing muscles and those connected to the middle ear suggests that dysfunction in the former may influence hearing and consequently trigger tinnitus.

Additionally, a direct link between the jaw ligaments and a middle ear hearing bone is plausible. If these ligaments undergo strain, sprain, or inflammation, it could impact tinnitus.

Lastly, research indicates that the nerve supply stemming from the TMJ correlates with brain regions involved in auditory perception. Consequently, TMJ-related issues might influence tinnitus perception.
Regardless of the specific mechanism, TMJ discomfort can exacerbate pre-existing tinnitus symptoms.

How do you diagnose TMJ problems

Your dentist is typically capable of diagnosing TMJ issues during a routine examination. Should additional evaluation be required, they may refer you for further tests. Examinations of TMJ disorders commonly involve Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans and occasionally arthroscopy, a minimally invasive procedure employing a small camera inserted into the joint.

Solutions for TMJ problems

Various treatments are available for TMJ disorders, which may also alleviate associated tinnitus if the two are related. Simple interventions to address TMJ problems include:

  • Adopting a softer diet
  • Practicing jaw muscle exercises
  • Using anti-inflammatory medications and pain relievers. In rare instances, a specialized dentist, such as an oral and maxillofacial (OMF) surgeon, may need to perform TMJ surgery.
  • If teeth grinding or jaw clenching is a concern, the use of a bite appliance may be recommended to correct jaw alignment and reduce TMJ stress. Once TMJ function improves, discontinuation of the bite appliance may be possible.

The neck & tinnitus

Persistent pain and discomfort stemming from neck conditions can exacerbate tinnitus similar to TMJ issues. Research indicates that individuals who have sustained head and neck injuries, such as from car accidents, or who experience neck pain or stiffness due to various causes like arthritis, are more prone to tinnitus.

Scientific studies have revealed how nerve endings in the neck connect to the brain’s hearing centres, providing insight into how neck problems may impact tinnitus. Often, tinnitus associated with neck injuries may be more severe and accompanied by symptoms like headaches, depression, and cognitive difficulties.

Treatment strategies typically hinge on addressing the underlying cause. Your primary care physician can discuss treatment options, which may include simple interventions such as pain relief medication and physiotherapy. Some individuals find they can modulate their tinnitus by adjusting their neck, while Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) has emerged as a potential therapeutic approach as well.